Start > Run > cmd

and the Command Prompt window will apear

cmd.exe (Windows 2000 and XP), command.com (98 and Me): These commands (you don’t need to enter the period and extension) open the window where you enter the other commands discussed here. Using either one with the /c switch, you can create a shortcut that opens a command window, executes a command, and then closes the window. This allows you to launch a command just by double-clicking its icon or choosing it from the Start menu. For example, to make an icon that refreshes your network connection, right-click the desktop or in any folder window and choose New, Shortcut. In the first box, type cmd /c ipconfig /renew , as well as the discussion of ‘ipconfig.exe‘ below). Click Next and follow the wizard’s instructions to create the shortcut. If you want the command window to stay open so that you can see the results of your command, simply replace the ‘/c’ with /k. You can use this shortcut technique with many of the commands listed here.

attrib.exe: This command lets you change one or more of a file’s attributes (such as ‘Hidden’, ‘System’, ‘Read-only’, or ‘Archive’). It’s usually easier to right-click the file in an Explorer or folder window, choose Properties, and check the desired boxes But when you need to change attributes for files in multiple subfolders, this command line (with the /s switch) can do it for you in one step.

compact.exe: If your drive is formatted with the NTFS file system (available only in Windows 2000 and XP), you have the option of compressing files and folders by right-clicking them, choosing Properties, clicking Advanced under the General tab, and selecting the appropriate check box. But what if some of the files in a folder are already compressed (such as JPEG photos), while others could benefit from compressing? Use this command with the /s switch and wild-card characters to compress only specific files in the selected directory (and in all its subdirectories). For example, compact /c /s:c:\doc *.doc will compress all of the Word documents in your Doc folder and subfolders. To uncompress, change the ‘/c’ to /u.

ipconfig.exe: This helpful network utility displays your current IP address, as well as its subnet and gateway addresses. Use the /all switch to see even more network information. The /renew switch (/renew_all in Windows 98 and Me) refreshes the connections. (See also ‘ping.exe’ below.)

openfiles.exe: If you need to figure out who on your network has a shared file open, type this command at the prompt and press <Enter>. You can also use it to close the open files in a shared folder or to disconnect the user currently viewing them. For details, type openfiles /disconnect /? at the command prompt.

ping.exe: When your network is experiencing technical difficulties, this simple troubleshooting utility will tell you whether two computers are talking to each other. Just type ping, a space, and the network name or IP address of the problem computer. If it reports a reply, you’ll know that the connection is okay. You can also use this command to confirm that your own Internet connection is working.

recover.exe: If you lose a file to a corrupt sector on an NTFS disk, this command restores as much of the lost data as possible. Type recover followed by a space and the full path and name of the file you want to resuscitate. No wild-card characters are allowed in the specified file path, and you can recover only one file at a time when using this command.

runas.exe: People who log in to a non-administrator Windows account (which Microsoft recommends for security reasons) may think that they have to log off and back on to perform administrator-only tasks. Not so! This command launches a program as if you were another user. Just type runas /user: followed by the name of the profile under whose auspices you want to run the application, then a space and the program’s name. (Use the /? switch to get details on the exact form to use with this command.) You will, of course, be prompted for that profile’s password before the program launches.

sort.exe: To sort the items in a text file alphabetically, type sort, a space, the name of the file, another space, the greater-than symbol (>), another space, and the path and name of the file in which the sorted entries will appear (for example, you might type sort messylist.txt > neatlist.txt). Add the /r switch at the end if you want the list to appear in reverse alphabetical order.

taskkill.exe: You could use Windows XP’s Task Manager to close any running application or process, but this utility not only closes one app, it also lets you stop multiple programs at once via wild cards and filters. For example, to shut down all applications that are not responding, type taskkill /fi “status eq not responding”. For more options, consult the help screen.

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Because IM is so popular, virus writers can use it to spread malicious programs.

Understanding instant message viruses

Like e-mail viruses, instant message viruses are malicious programs that are designed to travel through IM.

These viruses are spread, in most cases, when a person opens an infected file that was sent in an instant message that appeared to come from a friend.

When you open one of these files, your computer can become infected with a virus. Because of the virus, your computer may slow down or stop responding, or you may not notice any change at all.

However, the virus might have installed a covert program on your computer that could damage software, hardware, or important files, and that may include spyware, which can track information entered on the computer.

A computer infected by a virus may continue to spread the infection by sending copies of the virus to everyone on your IM contact list, that is, the collection of IM names that you can store in your IM program.

5 steps to help avoid instant message viruses

As with most threats on the Internet, you can help keep yourself safe by taking basic precautions. If you know how to avoid e-mail viruses, you’ll already be familiar with many of these steps.

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You can use the Regsvr32 tool (Regsvr32.exe) to register and unregister OLE controls such as DLL or ActiveX Controls (OCX) files that are self-registerable. This may be necessary to troubleshoot some issues with Windows, Microsoft Internet Explorer, or other programs.

MORE INFORMATION

Regsvr32.exe is included with Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0 or later versions, Windows 95 OEM Service Release 2 (OSR2) or later versions, and Windows NT 4.0 Service Pack 5 (SP5) or later versions. Regsvr32.exe is installed in the System (Windows Me/Windows 98/Windows 95) or System32 (Windows NT/Windows XP/Windows Vista) folder.

Regsvr32.exe usage

RegSvr32.exe has the following command-line options:

Regsvr32 [/u] [/n] [/i[:cmdline]] dllname

/u – Unregister server
/i – Call DllInstall passing it an optional [cmdline]; when used with /u calls dll uninstall
/n – do not call DllRegisterServer; this option must be used with /i
/s – Silent; display no message boxes (added with Windows XP and Windows Vista)

When you use Regsvr32.exe, it attempts to load the component and call its DLLSelfRegister function. If this attempt is successful, Regsvr32.exe displays a dialog box that indicates success. If the attempt is unsuccessful, Regsvr32.exe returns an error message. This may include a Win32 error code.

For example, to manually register a Sample.ocx ActiveX control, type the following command at command prompt:

c:\regsvr32.exe sample.ocx

Regsvr32.exe error messages in Windows Vista

The following list contains RegSvr32 error messages and possible causes.

The command-flag “”%1″” is not valid. Please review the command usage and try again.

An invalid combination of options was passed in the command line to regsvr32.exe.

This command is only valid if a Microsoft Visual Studio OLE Custom Control project is opened.

Regsvr32.exe was invoked by Visual Studio but no modules were specified in the command line.

To register a module, you must provide a binary name.

Regsvr32.exe was invoked without specifying any modules in the command line.

The command OleInitialize failed to run. Your computer might be low on memory. Close any open programs and then try again.

Regsvr32 must initialize the COM library before it can call needed COM library functions and uninitialize the library when it shuts down. These error messages occur if an attempt to initialize or uninitialize the COM library is unsuccessful.

The module “”%1″” failed to load.\n\n Make sure the binary is stored at the specified path or debug it to check for problems with the binary or dependent .DLL files.\n\n%2.

There was an error in loading a module that was specified in the command line. The error text appears as part of the message.

The module “”%1″” was loaded but the entry-point %2 was not found.\n\nMake sure that “”%1″” is a valid DLL or OCX file and then try again

Regsvr32.exe was unable to find the required entrypoint in the module specified in the command line. This can occur if the entrypoints are not properly exported from the module or if the module is not a .DLL or .OCX file.

The module “”%1″” was loaded but the call to %2 failed with error code %3.\n\nFor more information about this problem, search online using the error code as a search term.

There was an error when regsvr32.exe invoked the entrypoint in the module specified in the command line. The error code appears as part of the message

The module “”%1″” may not compatible with the version of Windows that you’re running. Check if the module is compatible with an x86 (32-bit) or x64 (64-bit) version of regsvr32.exe.

This error can happen, for example, if regsvr32.exe is run on an x86 machine and the module specified in the command line is a 64-bit module.

Regsvr32.exe error messages prior to Windows Vista

The following list contains RegSvr32 error messages and possible causes.

Unrecognized flag: /invalid_flag

You typed an invalid combination of flags or switches (refer to the “Regsvr32.exe Usage” section in this article).

No DLL name specified.

You did not include a .dll file name (refer to the “Regsvr32.exe Usage” section in this article).

Dllname was loaded, but the DllRegisterServer or DllUnregisterServer entry point was not found.

Dllname is not a .dll or .ocx file. For example, typing regsvr32 wjview.exe generates this error message.

Dllname is not an executable file and no registration helper is registered for this file type.

Dllname is not an executable file (.exe, .dll, or .ocx). For example, typing regsvr32 autoexec.bat generates this error message.

Dllname was loaded, but the DllRegisterServer or DllUnregisterServer entry point was not found.

Dllname may not be exported, or a corrupted version of Dllname may be in memory. Consider using Pview to detect the file and remove it.

Dllname is not self-registerable or a corrupted version is in memory.

For example, typing regsvr32 icwdial.dll returns this error message because the Icwdial.dll file is not self-registerable. If you suspect a corrupted version of Dllname is in memory, try restarting your computer or re-extract the original version of the file. If you are running Windows NT, you may need to use the Kill or Pview tool from the Microsoft Windows NT Server 4.0 Resource Kit.

OleInitialize failed (or OleUninitialize failed).

Regsvr32 must initialize the COM library before it can call needed COM library functions and uninitialize the library when it shuts down. These error messages occur if an attempt to initialize or uninitialize the COM library is unsuccessful. For example, the Ole32.dll file may be corrupted or may be the wrong version.

LoadLibrary(“Dllname“) failed. GetlastError returns 0×00000485

From Winerror.h, 0×00000485 = 1157 (ERROR_DLL_NOT_FOUND), which means “One of the library files needed to run this application cannot be found.” For example, typing regsvr32 missing.dll returns this error message if the Missing.dll file is not found.

LoadLibrary(“Dllname“) failed. GetLastError returns 0×00000002

From Winerror.h, 0×00000002 = 2 (ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND), which means “The system cannot find the file specified.” In other words, a dependent DLL was not found. For example, typing regsvr32 icwdial.dll with Tapi32.dll (a dependency) missing, returns this error message.

LoadLibrary(“dskmaint.dll”) failed. GetLastError returns 0x000001f

From Winerror.h, 0x000001f = 31 (ERROR_GEN_FAILURE), which means “A device attached to the system is not functioning.” This behavior can occur if you try to register a Win16 .dll file. For example, typing regsvr32 dskmaint.dll returns this error message.

DllRegisterServer (or DllUnregisterServer)in Dllname failed. Return code was: string

Search Winerror.h for string.

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following text into a new file:

REGEDIT4

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E}\ShellFolder]
“Attributes”=hex:50,01,00,20

“CallForAttributes”=dword:00000000

Now save this text file as a .reg file, such as “Rename Recycle Bin.reg” and

put it wherever you like. Double click on the file, and when it asks you if

you want to import it into the registry, choose Yes. You’ll notice a new

option in the right-click menu to Rename the Recycle Bin. You can also

rename it by highlighing the Bin and hitting F2, or by highlighting it and

clicking on the file name (just like renaming any other file.
If you want to turn off this new feature, make another .reg file with the

same content as above, but change the first number in the “Attributes”=hex:

line from 50 to 40 and import that file into the registry.

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To use the bootcfg command, start the Recovery Console with the Windows XP CD-ROM, and then click Recovery Console. Or, install the Recovery Console locally, and then select the command from the Boot menu.

The bootcfg command has the following uses:

You can also modify the Boot.ini file in the Windows XP graphical user interface (GUI):

APPLIES TO

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1. Go to Run in the startmenu
2. Type gpedit.msc
3. Click OK and the Group Policy will open
4. Go to User Configuration/Administrative Template/Windows Components/ Windows Explorer
5. Scroll down to the bottom of the long list of stuff that now shows up in the menu on the right. Double-Click on Turn off caching of thumbnail pictures.
6. Click on Enable then Apply, Ok. And now you no longer have this annoying problem.

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Click [Start] – Right click where your name is shown at the top of the Start Menu and click [Properties]
On the Taskbar and Start Menu Property Sheet select the [Start Menu] tab at the top, then next to [Start Menu] at the bottom of the sheet click [Customize]
On the Customize Start Menu Property Sheet, select the [Advanced] tab and remove the checkmark next to [Highlight Newly Installed Programs]
Click [OK] [Apply] and [OK] to finish the process and remove any existing highlights.

If the highlight persists even after making the changes above you can disable it via the registry. Make sure you have a backup prior to editing the registry.

[Start] [Run] [Regedit]
Registry Key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\
Advanced
Modify/Create the Value Name according to the Value Data listed below.
Data Type: REG_DWORD [Dword Value] // Value Name: Start_NotifyNewApps
Value Data: [0 = No Highlight/ 1 = Highlighted]
Exit Registry and Reboot

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INTRODUCTION

This article contains recommendations that may help you protect a computer that is running Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Microsoft Windows 2000, or Microsoft Windows XP from viruses. This article also contains information to help you minimize the effect of antivirus software on system and network performance.

MORE INFORMATION

For computers that are running Windows Server 2003, Windows 2000, or Windows XP

Do not scan the following files and folders. These files are not at risk of infection. If you scan these files, serious performance problems may occur because of file locking. Where a specific set of files is identified by name, exclude only those files instead of the whole folder. Sometimes, the whole folder must be excluded. Do not exclude any one of these based on the file name extension. For example, do not exclude all files that have a .dit extension. Microsoft has no control over other files that may use the same extensions as the following files.

For Windows Server 2003 and Windows 2000 domain controllers

Because domain controllers provide a critical service to clients, the risk of disruption of their activities as a result of malicious code from a virus must be minimized. Antivirus software is the generally accepted way to mitigate the risk of virus infection. Install and configure antivirus software so that the risk to the domain controller is reduced as much as possible and so that performance is affected as little as possible. The following list contains recommendations to help you configure and install antivirus software on a Windows 2000 or on a Windows Server 2003 domain controller:

Warning Microsoft recommends that you apply the following specified configuration to a test configuration to make sure that in your specific environment it does not introduce unexpected factors or compromise the stability of the system. The risk from too much scanning is that files are inappropriately flagged as having been changed, resulting in excessive replication in Active Directory. If testing verifies that replication is not affected by the following recommendations, you can apply the antivirus software to the production environment.

Note Specific recommendations from antivirus software vendors may supersede the recommendations in the article.

1. %systemroot%\sysvol                                                  Exclude

2. %systemroot%\sysvol\domain                                           Scan

3. %systemroot%\sysvol\domain\DO_NOT_REMOVE_NtFrs_PreInstall_Directory  Exclude

4. %systemroot%\sysvol\domain\Policies                                  Scan

5. %systemroot%\sysvol\domain\Scripts                                   Scan

6. %systemroot%\sysvol\staging                                          Exclude

7. %systemroot%\sysvol\staging areas                                    Exclude

8. %systemroot%\sysvol\sysvol                                           Exclude

APPLIES TO

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Display DNS Cache Info Configuration: ipconfig /displaydns

Clear DNS Cache: ipconfig /flushdns

Release All IP Address Connections: ipconfig /release

Renew All IP Address Connections: ipconfig /renew

Re-Register the DNS connections: ipconfig /registerdns

Change/Modify DHCP Class ID: ipconfig /setclassid

Network Connections: control netconnections

Network Setup Wizard: netsetup.cpl

Test Connectivity: ping www.ossmall.info

Trace IP address Route: tracert

Displays the TCP/IP protocol sessions: netstat

Display Local Route: route

Display Resolved MAC Addresses: arp

Display Name of Computer Currently on: hostname

Display DHCP Class Information: ipconfig /showclassid

CAUSE

This problem occurs when the IPv6 address contains a scope ID. A scope ID is represented by a percent sign (%) that is followed by a number.

In the following example, the IPv6 address contains a scope ID of 1:

1234:5678:90123:4567:8901:2345%1

Such an address will not display correctly in Event Viewer.

The event descriptions are formed by using a template and by using replacement values from the event payload. You do this by replacing any percent sign that is followed by a number with the appropriate event parameter.

In the 1234:5678:90123:4567:8901:2345%1 example, %1 will be replaced with the first parameter from the event payload. This replacement may be repeated multiple times. The number of times this replacement is repeated depends on the version of the operating system. Multiple replacements will occur if the parameter number that contains the IPv6 address matches the scope ID.

Note You cannot use an escape character to replace the percent sign in the IPv6 address.

WORKAROUND

To work around this issue when you publish a series of events into an event log, use one of the following methods:

Other workarounds including the following methods:

APPLIES TO

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go to start\run\regedit -and then to the following key

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Memory Management

1. DisablePagingExecutive -double click it and in the decimal put a 1 – this allows XP to keep data in memory now instead of paging sections of ram to harddrive yeilds faster performance.
2. LargeSystemCache- double click it and change the decimal to 1 -this allows XP Kernel to Run in memory improves system performance alot

Reboot the machine , and watch the miracle

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1. If you think you’ve received a phishing e-mail message, do not respond to it.

2. Report suspicious e-mail.

Report the e-mail to the faked or “spoofed” organization.
Contact the organization directly-not through the e-mail you received-and ask for confirmation. Or call the organization’s toll-free number and speak to a customer service representative. Report the e-mail to the proper authorities, including the FBI, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), and the Anti-Phishing Working Group.

3. Don’t click links in e-mail messages.

Links in phishing e-mail messages often take you to phony sites that encourage you to transmit personal or financial information to con artists. Avoid clicking a link in an e-mail message unless you are sure of the destination. Even if the address bar displays the correct Web address, don’t risk being fooled. Con artists can display a fake URL in the address bar on your browser.

4. Type addresses directly into your browser or use your personal bookmarks.

If you need to update your account information or change your password, visit the Web site by using your personal bookmark or by typing the URL directly into your browser.

5. Check the security certificate before you enter personal or financial information into a Web site.

Make sure the site is secure before you type. In Internet Explorer, you can do this by checking the yellow lock icon on the status bar, as shown in the following example.

The closed lock icon signifies that the Web site uses encryption to help protect any sensitive, personal information that you enter, such as your credit card number, Social Security number, or payment details. It’s important to note that this symbol doesn’t need to appear on every page of a site, only on those pages that request personal information. Unfortunately, even the lock symbol can be faked. To help increase your safety, double-click the lock icon to display the security certificate for the site. The name following Issued to should match the name of the site. If the name differs, you may be on a fake site, also called a “spoofed” site. If you’re not sure whether a certificate is legitimate, don’t enter any personal information. Play it safe and leave.

Tip: If you don’t see the status bar at the bottom of your browser window, click View at the top of the browser, and then select Status Bar to activate it.

6. Don’t enter personal or financial information into pop-up windows.

One common phishing technique is to launch a fake pop-up window when someone clicks a link in a phishing e-mail message. To make the pop-up window look more convincing, it may be displayed over a window you trust. Even if the pop-up window looks official or claims to be secure, avoid entering sensitive information, because there is no way to check the security certificate. Close pop-up windows by clicking the red X in the top right corner (a “cancel” button may not work as you’d expect).

7. Use the latest products and services to help warn and protect you from online scams

8. Update your computer software.

At Microsoft, we continue to make improvements to our software to help protect your computer. Visit Microsoft Update to scan your computer and install any high-priority updates that are offered to you.
If you have Automatic Updates enabled, the updates are delivered to you when they are released, but you have to make sure you install them.

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Products affected

• iTunes for Windows

To resolve this issue, it will be necessary to uninstall QuickTime (installed with iTunes), download the QuickTime standalone installer, and reinstall QuickTime. Follow the steps below to do this:

Microsoft Windows Vista

1. On the Start menu, click Control Panel.
2. Under Programs, click Uninstall a program.

Alternately, in Classic View of Control Panel, click Programs and Features.

3. Select QuickTime.
4. Click Uninstall.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 if you have multiple QuickTime entries listed.
6. Download the QuickTime for Windows standalone installer at http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/win.html and save it to your desktop.
7. Double-click the QuickTimeInstaller.exe file on your desktop and follow the instructions to install QuickTime.
8. Open iTunes and play a movie file. The audio should now play with the video.

Microsoft Windows XP and Windows 2000

1. On the Start menu, click Control Panel.
2. Open the Add or Remove Programs control panel.
3. Select QuickTime.
4. Click the Change/Remove button.
5. Click Remove.
6. Click OK.
7. Repeat steps 3 through 6 if you have multiple QuickTime entries listed.
8. Download the QuickTime for Windows standalone installer at http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/win.html and save it to your desktop.
9. Double-click the QuickTimeInstaller.exe file on your desktop and follow the instructions to install QuickTime.
10. Open iTunes and play a movie file. The audio should now play with the video.

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Rid Yourself of Fine Lines
To remove cell gridlines from a spreadsheet, Select Options from the Tools menu and click on the View tab. Under the Window options, uncheck the Gridlines box and click OK. the gridlines removed from your spreadsheet.

Open Specific Spreadsheets at Start-Up
Excel can be started up with spreadsheets that you most frequently use. To do this, first open the spreadsheet you want to open at startup. Then click on File > Save As and locate the XLStart folder within the \Program files\Microsoft Office\Office folder. click the Save button to save this file in the folder. Next time you start Excel, this spreadsheet will automatically open.

Fractions or Decimals?
Get better accuracy in fractions than Excel normally gives. you can specify the number of digits the denominator and numerator of a fraction can have. Simple click on the cell that has the value and click on Format > Cells. Under the Number panel, select Fraction from the Category lest. Then select the required accuracy from the Type list.

Enter More than one line of Data in a Cell
Entering more than one line of text in a cell is as simple as pressing Alt+Enter to make a new line inside the cell. if you don’t want line breads, you can have multiple lines in a given cell is by clicking cells from the Format menu. Click on the Alignment tab and enable Wrap Text. Entering data wider than the column width will then wrap on the next line.

Protect Cells From Data Entry
Keeping certain cells in Excel spreadsheets from being modified is easy. Select the cells you wish to allow writing to. Non-adjacent cells can be selected by clicking on them while keeping the Ctrl key pressed. After selecting the cells, click Format > Cells. Under the Protection tab, uncheck the Locked checkbox and click OK. Next, click on Tools > Protection and select protect Sheet. You will be prompted for a password that is optional. Click OK and save the spreadsheet. Now only the unlocked cells and be modified. Trying to overwrite locked cells result in an alert message being displayed. If you want to protect only a few cells, it would be good idea to select the entire worksheet and use the Ctrl key to deselect only the cells you want to protect before unlocking them.

Give your Worksheet a Background
Add a background image to your spreadsheet. click on Format > Sheet > Background. Browse for the image you want and click Open to select it. The given image will tile to fit the worksheet.

Don’t Lose Sight of Your Headings
Keeping the row and/or column heading on your spreadsheet however you scroll can definitely improve readability of your spreadsheet. Drag the split box next to the scrollbars to the row and/or column that holds the headings. Click on Window > Freeze Panes. The tow and/or column will now be locked and remain visible thought the rest of the spreadsheet.

Change the Cursor’s Default Direction
When you press the Enter key in a cell, Excel by default moves the cursor below it. to change this, open Tools > Options and click on the Edit tab. change the direction of the selection movement from the drop-down list titled Move Selection after Entry.

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[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Folder\shell\command]
@=”Command &Prompt”

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Folder\shell\command\command]
@=”\”cmd.exe\” /k cd \”%1\”"

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HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer.

Make a new DWORD value named ThumbnailSize. Double click the value and type in a number in decimal anywhere from 32 to 256. Making it smaller will display many more images on the screen for quicker perusual. Its an immediate change.

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After you install Windows Vista in a dual-boot configuration together with Microsoft Windows XP, you receive an error message that resembles the following when you try to start the computer by using Windows XP:

Windows could not start because the following file is missing or corrupt:

C:\Windows\system32\ntoskrnl.exe. Please re-install a copy of the above file.

CAUSE

You experience this problem if Windows Vista is installed in formerly unallocated disk space that existed in front of the partition on which Windows XP is installed.

In this situation, the Windows Vista Setup program creates a new partition in the unallocated disk space. Because a new partition is created in front of the partition on which Windows XP is installed, the Boot.ini entry for the Windows XP installation points to an invalid partition.

Consider the following scenario:

In this scenario, the Windows XP startup files are now located on disk(0)partition(2). However, the Boot.ini file still points to disk(0)partition(1) for these files. Therefore, Windows XP does not start successfully.

RESOLUTION

To resolve this problem, modify the Windows XP Boot.ini file to point to the correct partition. To do this, follow these steps:

1.	Start Windows Vista.
2.	Right-click Start, and then click Explore.
3.	On the Organize menu, click Folder and Search Options.
4.	In the Folder Options dialog box, click the View tab.
5.	In the Advanced settings area, click Show hidden files and folders, click to clear the Hide extensions for known file types check box, click to clear the Hide protected operating system files (Recommended) check box, click Yes to confirm that you want to display operating system files, and then click OK.
6.	Locate and then click the Windows XP system drive. In the Windows Vista Windows Explorer program, this will likely be drive D.
7.	In the right pane, right-click boot.ini, and then click Properties.
8.	In the boot.ini Properties dialog box, click the Security tab, and then click Advanced.
9.	Click the Owner tab, and then click Edit.If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type your password or click Continue.
10.	In the Change owner to list, click your alias or leave the default Administrators option selected, and then click OK four times.
11.	Right-click boot.ini, and then click Edit.
12.	Modify the Advanced RISC Computing (ARC) path as appropriate for the correct path of the Windows XP startup partition. For example, if the Windows Vista Setup program created a partition in the unallocated disk space in front of the partition on which Windows XP is installed, you must increment the partition value by one. Therefore, if the Boot.ini file contains partition(1) along the ARC path of the Windows XP operating system, modify the ARC path to use partition(2). In this situation, the ARC path resembles the following: multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /fastdetect
13.	Save the changes to the Boot.ini file, and then exit Notepad.

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This tweak lets you uninstall Windows Components such as MSN Explorer and programs in the Accessories menu on the ‘All Programs’ menu.

1. Edit the hidden system file SYSOC.INF in the Windows/System/Inf folder (or WINNT/System/Inf if you upgraded from NT or 2000).
2. Delete all instances of the word HIDE. Don’t put any spaces inbetween the commas.
3. Save your changes.
4. Open ‘Add or Remove Programs’ in Control Panel.
5. Click on ‘Add/Remove Windows Components. You will now see options for ‘Accessories and Utilities’ (the programs in the Accessories menu on the Start panel), MSN Explorer and several other components.
6. Uncheck the tick box to remove that component or check it to install it from your XP CD.

Be careful what components you remove though!

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How much swap space do you need? That depends the amount of RAM you have and the programs you use. The rule of the thumb is 1.5 times the

amount of system memory, unless you have too much memory on your system (make it 1 times or less) or too much load (make it more than you

system’s load). Say we decided we must create a swap file of 512MB.

Linux guys have always relied on disk partitions specially designated for the swap. That way, the swap is never fragmented. You can use a

similar approach in Windows. If you are doing a fresh install, leave some unpartitioned space in your disk drive to fit the swap file (A little

more than 512MB). If your system is already installed, you must use some re-partitioning software like ‘Partition Magic’.

In Windows, you have to create and format the swap partition using the Disk Management settings (Start->Control Panel- >Performance and

Maintenance->Administrative Tools->Computer Management->Storage->Disk Management). Be careful because this tool has the ability to destroy your

data if you are not careful!

Make sure you create an ‘Extended’ partition in the free disk space and then create a ‘Logical Drive’ inside the extended partition. Apply the

changes and then format it. Note that you don’t need to format the swap partition using advanced filesystem types like NTFS or FAT32. FAT16 is

quite faster than the other two, and since this partition is only going to host one file, you don’t need to worry about cluster size. Also, the

security/fault tolerant features of NTFS are not needed for the swap, unless of course you are running under *real* tight security.

From then on, it’s easy. You have to go to Performance Options (Start->Control Panel->Performance and Maintenance- >Administrative Tools-

>System->Advanced->Performance->Settings->Advanced->Virtual Memory->Change). Change the values ‘Initial Size’ and ‘Maximum Size’ to the size of

your swap (512MB). Note that you have to specify the *same* amount for both values. This will keep your swap file from resizing, fragmenting

and eventually slowing itself down.

Another cool trick can be used if you have more than one disks. Provided that both disks are of almost the same speed, in the above dialog you

can split the swap file in two or more equally sized partitions (256MB each in our example). This will result in greater swap file performance,

since the system will be reading from two disks at the same time. This way you will be actually setting up a raid0-like swap!

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Watermark Your Documents
Creating your own watermark for professional looking documents is pretty simple in Work. First go to view > Header and Footer and click on the Show/Hide Text toolbar button located on the Header and Footer toolbar (insert icon image). This should temporarily hide the text. Now you can insert a graphics object using Clip Art, Word Art or even AutoShape. Place the graphics where you want it to be seen, and adjust the color of the watermark by right clicking on the object and choosing properties.

Convert Tables to Plain Old Text
Sometimes copying to and fro with a browser result in unwanted tables being created. this can be easily removed by converting into individual paragraphs and click on Table to Text option under Convert in the Table menu. the separation character can also be specified instead of normal column lines using the “Separate text with” option

Center Text Vertically
Text in Word can be centered horizontally as well as vertically. For the vertical centering, open File > Page Setup and click on the Layout tab. Select the Center option in the Alignment pill-down menu. Format you r document as usual and view its positioning using the print preview button.

Get Rid of Curly Quotes
Typing quotes in Word results in straight quotes being converted to small quoted automatically. This is done by Autocorrect function. Pressing Ctrl+Z (Shortcut for Undo) after typing single or double quoted will give you straight quotes. To permanently turn the feature off, click on Tools > Autocorrect > AutoFormat as you type and disable Straight quotes with smart quotes.

Collate Documents
Collating documents copies can be done automatically in Word. To collate documents while you print, click on the Print option from the File menu and click the “Collate” check box in the Copies heading. then fill the number of copies you want tin the box labeled “Number of copies”. Simple click Print to get the collated multiple copes you want.

Bring Straying Lines Back Into Fold
A cool feature for your squeezers; get those extra lines on the last page of your document. Click on File > Print Preview. in the Print Preview window, click the Shrink to Fit button to fit the few overflowing lines onto the last page.

Create Email Signatures
Word allows you to create multiple signatures for your emails created in Word. To create to add a new signature, go to Tools > Options and click on the General tab, click the Email Option button. Type the signature it the text box below, type its name and click Add to add it to the set of signatures you can use. You can also set the default signatures for New and Forwarded/Replied Messages.

Take the Synonym Shortcut
Checking out synonyms of a word generally involves looking it up in the thesaurus in the Tools > Language menu. A faster way is to just select the word and right click it. In the menu, select synonyms and you will be presented with a list of synonyms to choose from. You can also click on Thesaurus to lookup more synonyms. often, Word will also present a few antonyms when you know what you don’t mean to say.

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1. Click on the start button and select run.
2. type “mplayer2″ and click OK. it’s the orginal movie player.

If you want to make this the default media player follow the directions below:

1. When the classic windows media player is running click on the view menubar and select options.
2. Then click on the format tab anc choose your computer to open all the formats with the player.

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Pick Your Wallpaper
Right click on any image in your browser and select Set as Wallpaper to make it your desktop wallpaper. Internet Explorer will copy the image to the Windows folder and set it as the wallpaper.

Find Sites With AutoComplete
Whenever you begin typing a URL in the address box, it tried to find a recently visited page that matches what you are typing. If IE finds a match, it automatically fills in the rest of the address for you. This is not only convenient, it can also be useful if you remember only a part of on Internet address. You can turn the feature on or off from Tools > Internet Options > Advanced. Scroll down to use inline AutoComplete for Web address. Toggle this on or off.

Temporary files
Clearing the browser cache can retrieve disk space and can also avoid problems on certain Web pages. To clear the files, open Tools > Internet Options. Under the General tab, click on Delete Files to clear the cache.

Offline Web Pages
You can set a page as “offline” so you can read it even when you’re not connected. On the Favorites menu, click Add to Favorites. Enable Make available offline. To specify a schedule for updating the page and how much content to download, click Customize. Follow the instructions on screen.

Script errors
You can turn off useless script error messages from popping up. Click on Tools > Internet Options > Advanced. Click the checkbox labeled Disable script debugging. Uncheck the checkbox labeled Display a notification for every script error.

Searching with Style!
With Internet Explorer, you can search with more than one search engine. click search on the toolbar and click Customize. Customize your search form the window that opens.

Never lose an Interesting site like SoftwareTipsandTricks!
If you remember visiting a site a week or two ago that you forgot to add to your favorites list, you can still fine it. the History folder maintains a list of all the sites that you visited for a set number of says. To set the number of days. click Tools > Internet Options. Under the General tab, set the Days to Keep Pages in History. You can enter any number between 0 and 999.

Save or print links
You can save or print the information from linked Web pages without displaying the page on screen. Right-click the link and click Save Target As to save the linked page to your hard disk or Print Target to print the linked page.

There was an internal error and one of the windows you were using has been closed.”.

now rename start to another five letter word of your choice like Help

save the modified explorer1.exe

open up regedit, you are looking for this key:

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon]

search for the value named Shell and make it equal to explorer1.exe.

restart for changes to take place.

alternatively, close all apps, fire up task manager and end the process explorer.exe, start new traske explorer1.exe and there you go.

if PC dont boot, slave off , navigate to your windows delete explorer1.exe and rename explorer.exe to explorer1.exe, plug back into your PC and there you go back to normal, i assure you it works great!

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